Construction and usage of buildings are among the most important factors of energy consumption and environmental pollution. The present thesis aims to study the use of local natural materials and different construction methods, and to conduct building physics analysis. In the first part of the thesis, we focus on the review of the literature on natural building materials and natural building methods. The materials and methods are studied in light of development, implementation, building technology, stability, fire resistance, etc. Based on the studied natural materials and methods, the structural assemblies of the exterior walls are designed. Futhermore, appropriate software is used to study structural assemblies in terms of thermal transmittance, thermal stability and diffusion of water vapour. Finally, the results of the calculation are analyzed and compared to the legislation in force, regulations and conventional construction methods. If neccessary, structural assemblies are adjusted to meet the prescribed values.