This thesis presents possibility of application of bioengineering methods - i.e. sustainable river engineering. Mostly natural and especially live materials are used for river bank protection. Such precautions prevent or mitigate surficial, water, snow, and wind erosion. According to available sources and examples of good practice various bioengineering techniques are presented. They are suitable for bottom bed river stabilisation, as well as for river banks and improvement of habitat conditions in watercourses. There are point, linear, and surface protection of greater areas which also enable upgrading and combination with technical buildings, especially in parts where river banks are exposed to greater erosion forces. Bioengineering methods in comparison with conventional methods need more time to achieve adequate stabilization function, the costs are more acceptable and they are less complex to construct. Their life expectancy with appropriate maintenance is at least 50 years. On the other hand, they require specific knowledge and experience, and more manual work so they are applicable also at distant and for machinery less accessible locations. Sustainable management enables good condition for water and riparian eco-systems, and are well incorporated in their environment, and look better from the aesthetic point of view.